philosophical underpinnings of nursing

If we fail to examine the underlying philosophical positions, we have unexamined positions that are not open to debate; we mask how nursing admissions processes may be shaped by historical, political, cultural and economic forces; and we ignore the debate and tension between holism and reductionism that resides within many schools of nursing. Nursing is a social construction, a nursing metaparadigm exists, and most schools of nursing have their own ‘philosophy’ but there is no singular, unifying definition of what it … b. What is Philosophy? Failing to appreciate these positions has long-term implications on the selected applicants and, by nature of extension, the profession populated and determined by these nurses of the future. When I was a Ph.D. student in nursing, I began considering several aspects of my life in a new light and I started seeing philosophical underpinnings everywhere. Assessing an applicant’s suitability assumes that there are a consensus and an understanding of what it means to be a nurse. There are three major paradigms within the nursing profession: empiricism, interpretive, and critical social theory. In The Basics of Philosophy. Johansson, C. M., Palmqvist, R., Ronnberg, L. (2017). Holm, A. L., & Severinsson, E. (2016). One of the prioritized aspects is developing a vision for your profession. It mainly proposes that nurses must practice reflection-before-action, reflection-in-action, reflection-on-action, and reflection-beyond-action to advance nursing practice. Philosophical concepts such as caring are not easily defined, precise, or agreed upon, whereas GPA is purportedly an operationalized benchmark with verifiability. Zander, P. E. (2000). Three main components are analysed more deeply, i.e. Early in her career, Madeleine Leininger recognized the importance of the element of caring in the profession of nursing. Choosing a methodology: Philosophical underpinning. Both traditions are commonly used in nursing and midwifery research. It depends on what questions we ask. NURS 703 Philosophical Underpinnings of Nursing Science This course provides a history of philosophical and scientific thinking and its impact on the discipline of nursing, knowledge development in nursing and nursing science. Retrieved from https://www.philosophybasics.com/general_whatis.html. Ways of knowing in nursing: The historical evolution of a concept. Not content to stay in mental health, I entered nursing. Provides the philosophical underpinnings of the study. 5. Middle-range nursing theories are necessary for the advancement of the discipline. This article focuses on the philosophical underpinnings of qualitative research methods. Nursing in the UK has been criticised , and there is a danger that nursing, and nurse education have lost their way. 2019;  • The lack of an underpinning cohesive nursing philosophy may be a contributory factor. View DNP/705 course topics and additional information. Explore current applications of theory/ model in nursing: practice, education, administration, research, post on of the peer reviewed articles from the nursing literature related to the theory. Can we pick up on elements in the applicant which may indicate to us that we can foster or facilitate the growth of this skill or the nurturance of this tradition? Far too often the school’s philosophy remains safely tucked inside a report but is rarely seen as a living document that guides the day-to-day workings of the school. New advances toward safely targeting immune cells to pediatric brain tumors, What to Expect With a Breast Cancer Diagnoses. Logistics necessarily require that nursing students are somehow selected from large pools of applications submitted to schools of nursing every year. How can we be certain we are not reflecting ourselves in the assessments of our applicants? By applying the philosophical underpinnings and assumptions of practice that are guided by critical theory, educators may begin to better identify the values of academic nursing practice and incorporate this activity more fully into the educational environment. What is the APRNs role in society? • Nurse educationalists need to take a key role in clearly identifying a cohesive philosophy of Nursing. 9(1): 19-23, 1Assistant Professor, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac City, Philippines, 2PhD Student, Saint Louis University-School of Nursing, Baguio City, Philippines. For decades now, not only has nursing practice moved from a reductionistic focus on disease and the body proper to embracing holism, so have admissions committees transitioned from commonly assessing solely GPA to asking about ‘the person’ — the applicants and their experience. (2016). Nursing intuition: A valid form of knowledge. Provides the philosophical underpinnings of the study. State of science, “intuition in nursing practice”: A systematic review study. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). What is advanced practice nursing? We create and acquire shared meaning from each encounter. (4) Philosophy paper: Criteria for Evaluation Points Comments Body of Paper (8 points) 1. As we assess them, we are co-creating a reality of their character in discerning whether or not they are a ‘good person’ and fit for the profession. She was inspired by a lot of theorist. This focus on caring in nursing forms the philosophical underpinnings of Swanson’s Theory of Caring. What is unclear however is whether these points are being routinely addressed in either the creation of nursing admissions criteria or in the actual selection of nursing students and if they should be. Phenomenology is the study of phenomena. Phenomenology consists of a complex philosophical tradition in human science, containing different concepts interpreted in various ways. An invitation to embrace human understanding of experi ence, meaning of life worlds, the essences of experience, the attentive practice of thoughtfulness, and caring attunements is extended. Cite this paper: Judith P. Valenzuela, Theory of Nursing Intuition and Its Philosophical Underpinnings, International Journal of Nursing Science, Vol. Ensuring nurses can practice according to their career's philosophical underpinning is recognized as a vital factor in the nursing workforce. Correspondence to: Judith P. Valenzuela, Assistant Professor, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac City, Philippines. After studying and analyzing the approved theory, write about this theory, including an overview of the theory and specific examples of how it could be applied in your own clinical setting. Coherence in care can only come from pluralistic pragmatism, because of nursing’s innate nature to be complex and ambiguous. (2) a. Intuition is a form of personal knowing that occurs as a result of the interaction of a sound knowledge base, relevant experience, genuine nurse-patient relationship and receptivity to intuition. A nurse’s philosophical outlook influences his or her daily nursing practice. Keep in mind, this is not just a methodological choice — it has implications for cultivating future nurses and for the evolution of the discipline. b. underlying assumption/philosophical underpinnings c.goals of nursing d. theory and nursing process e. nursing metaparadigm definitions 4. This paper aims to present an explication of a theory of nursing intuition including its philosophical underpinnings. From novice to expert. One main theme among phenomenological methods is the diversity between descriptive versus interpretive phenomenology (Norlyk & Harder, 2010). To establish such an incidence, one is supposed to offer a framework. (2005). The main types of phenomenology (descriptive and interpretive) will be examined alongside a consideration of how the philosophical underpinnings have informed the research process. Does Putting Alcohol Aside for a Month Make You Healthier? The Nursing Skills Competency Program allows organizations that provide exceptional skills training programs to demonstrate their quality through accreditation of … But how do we know that someone admitted with a GPA of 84% will make a ‘better’ nurse than someone with a GPA of 74%, and what is the difference between 74% and 73% that will make a difference in the success of a professional nurse? All nursing research is conducted within philosophical paradigm because it help investigator to understand explicitly the philosophical assumptions underlying their methodological choices (Steven & Edwards, 2008). philosophical underpinnings that researchers must understand to effectively come up with an excellent qualitative study. Copyright © 2019 Scientific & Academic Publishing Co. All rights reserved. Qualitative Study. This article explicates the author’s Theory of Reflective Practice in Nursing and its philosophical underpinnings. Nursing is a social construction, a nursing metaparadigm exists, and most schools of nursing have their own ‘philosophy’ but there is no singular, unifying definition of what it means to be a nurse. Stop Blaming Blue Light for All Your Problems, What The Telemedicine Revolution Means For Your Future. Patient outcomes in the field of nursing: A concept analysis. This paper explores the philosophical underpinnings of three major educational research paradigms: scientific, interpretive, and critical. Simply stated, the traditional medical model focuses on treating the problem, and the newer functional model focuses on treating and better understanding the problem. I entered nursing school rather by default. For example, when the Patriot Act was passed, the philosophical underpinning was that the security of the nation outweighed First and Fourth Amendment protections. I had started out with a psychology degree then, whilst volunteering in a psych ward, I concurrently volunteered in Emergency, and rapidly became more enamoured with the physical health sciences than mental health. Provides framework for data analysis and interpretation. Being able to adopt a stance and take action requires not only ‘evidence-based practice’ and ‘intuition’ but comfort in moving between the two, a pluralistic pragmatism based on context. The theory of Nursing Intuition is a middle-range theory that is anchored on the philosophical thoughts of constructivism and postmodernism. (1999). It should provide the foundations of nursing practice, help to generate further knowledge and indicate in which direction nursing should develop in the future (Brown 1964). We are necessarily entrenched in struggles to advance beyond binary thinking (such as right/wrong, happy/sad, ill/well, mind/body). Advanced practice nursing is a unique discipline in that elements such as listening, evaluating, formulating, educating, negotiating, and collaborating are utilized in the process of providing a holistic approach to care with treatment that is rooted in evidence based practice. A characteristic of expert nurses is the ability to hold these views in tension (i.e., holism and reductionism) in situations of ambiguity and complexity, although many would not have the philosophical education to articulate it in such language. We still cling to many positivistic traditions, including education techniques and admissions criteria based on objective knowledge. Development of the vision influences the mission for nursing as resulting in an excellent performance in career. Exploring the Philosophical Underpinnings of Research: Relating presumed as plastic and then crystallized due to time and molded from political, Ontology and Epistemology to the Methodology and Methods of the Scientific, Inter- social, ethnic, economic, and gender-values (Guba and Lincoln, 1994. p. … In her seminal work, Watson (1999) affirmed that in order to provide holistic care to patients, the use of the analytic process can be complemented by the art of nursing which can be promoted by incorporating aspects of the subjective, intuitive, sometimes mysterious, world of humans. Man Living Health Theory. The Theory of Reflective Practice in Nursing is a middle-range theory. But the positivistic underpinnings (that life is scientifically verifiable) of employing GPA are seldom discussed, nor are the philosophical implications of using this criterion. Andrew, T. (2012). Trying to tie numbers to philosophy, I decided to examine how does (and should?) Are we judging behaviour, instead, or just the ability to manifest what is needed in particular instances, such as the application or interview? One of these assumptions was about what it means to be a nurse. welcome to nursing-assignments. (2018). The phenomological paradigm is reflected upon in the questioning of perception, philosophy, nursing philosophy, paradigms, assumptions, and praxis. “The Holt collection is a fantastic expression of 20th century dissent, as well as the labor movement in the U.S., and includes a whole host of philosophical underpinnings,” said Greg Williams, director of the Gerth Archives. Mind you, we were required to write paper after paper demonstrating our understanding of several different philosophical traditions but, regardless of being tasked to do so, I gained an appreciation for how there are myriad assumptions about life that we take for granted. Green, C. (2012). 1, 2019, pp. The Philosophy and Science of Caring has four major concepts: human being, health, environment/society, and nursing. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Intuition: An important tool in the practice of nursing. Benner, P. (2001). USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers International. We need to identify philosophical positions underlying the selection process and bring them forward for debate. Clinical intuition in the nursing process and decision-making – A mixed-studies review. Holistic care, Knowing, Intuition, Nurse-patient relationship, Nursing. Revista Aquichan, 5(5) p. 32-43. 9 No. According to Clarke (1998), “research methods can be described, considered and classified at different levels, the most basic of which is the philosophical level”. By this time, I was already in my mid-twenties, had my fair share of run-ins with healthcare providers, for myself and my family members, and watched enough MASH, Trapper John MD, and eventually ER, to have my own assumptions about what a nurse is. 19-23. doi: 10.5923/j.nursing.20190901.03. Is anyone truly qualified to make such assessments of character, and how? Jean Watson refers to the human being as “a valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. Philosophical Underpinnings of the Theory. De Paula & Crossetti, 21 Brazil. We obviously support quality of life in individual, social, and environmental contexts, and the ability to contextualize and embody relational caring is often used as a characteristic which distinguishes the profession from biomedical healthcare. Accuracy of intuition in clinical decision-making among novice clinicians. Underpinning definition is - the material and construction (such as a foundation) used for support of a structure. Jackson, E. (2013). "Philosophical underpinning" means the ultimate justification of why an action was taken. I love math, I’ve done several post-doctoral courses in statistics, and much of my work in graduate school centred around numbers in healthcare. Hassani, P., Abdi, A., & Jalali, R. (2016). Liu, Y., Avant, K., Aungsuroch, Y., Zhang, X., and Jiang, P. (2014). Evidently, there are problems with all methods of assessment. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/aqui/v5n1/v5n1a04.pdf. Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Humanistic Nursing Theory. After a few years of working in the profession, understanding the skill set and lifestyle, though I was delighted with the direction of my path, I wanted more and entered graduate school in nursing. Bonis, S. (2009). Watson, J. Swanson defines nursing as “informed caring for the well-being of others” (Peterson & Bredow, 2013, p. 130) and also states that caring is central to preserving human dignity and to promoting healing (Peterson & Bredow, 2013). Increasingly, applications are questioning a candidate’s ability to critically think and problem solve. Identify general values related to the nature of humankind and society. Analysis of the philosophical-ethical background of Peplau's works illuminates a view on nursing practice that is relevant today. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The first major philosophical change involves a shift in focus from phenomenological interpretations toward identifiable pathophysiological origins (Dailey et al., 2014; Kupfer et al., 2002). Can (and ought) we ask if the applicants are pragmatic? Hopkinson et al, 23 UK Christopher F. Lv 6. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, 3. Through her observations while working as a nurse, she identified a lack of cultural and care knowledge as the missing component to a nurse’s understanding of the many variations required in patient care to support compliance, healing, and wellness. If it were the latter, that ability could potentially be transferable to the clinical situation — being able to act in a certain way in a particular situation with any given patient — but we cannot easily measure or ask about this ability. (1978). Discuss the philosophical underpinnings of advanced practice nursing. “The collection is vast and the topics for research are endless. Study PHILOSOPHY, THEORY, AND SCIENCE FOR NURSING PRACTICE from University of Phoenix. The contention that intuition is a valid form of knowing and that it has a positive impact in the therapeutic process are prompts to advance the theory of nursing intuition. Keywords: The historical context reflects an interpretive turn from envisioning nursing as a natural science to one of a human science. The philosophy of a school of nursing is accepted by faculty as a document that must be crafted to please external reviewers, but for many it remains little more than that. (2016). JACKSON: CHOOSING A METHODOLOGY: PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPINNING 50 Every piece of research, every researcher and every context is, in some way, different and a host of factors contributes to interpretation of phenomena as knowledge is constructed but, as Pring (2000:89) suggests, without the explicit formulation of the philosophical More specifically, when we look at applications to nursing programs, should we be looking at a mixture of GPA and more subjective, ‘soft’ criteria, such as compassion and, if we should, how can we justly and correctly measure such attributes? Published by Scientific & Academic Publishing. We need to ask ourselves what the varying kinds of admissions criteria say about what we believe about nurses, as educators and as a society. Price, A., Zulkosky, K., White, K., & Pretz, J. A. Philosophical underpinnings of the theories Dorothea Orem - Grand Theory Orem’s idea talks about self-care, self-care demands in order to meet all the needs of the patient, the power in capacity to perform all the needs was one of big components. Nursing: Human science and human care: A theory of nursing. Knowing in nursing: A concept analysis. 0 0. I received the silver medal of med school applications — I was waitlisted but didn’t climb the rank to accepted. Pilkington, 22 USA. Qualitative Study. Finally, some practical examples will help to elucidate how this approach has been used to explore phenomena that are central to nursing and health care. How to use underpinning in a sentence. Constant reassessment of the tensions within the discipline and how these are played out in various arenas (be they in developing admissions criteria, educational policies, or assessing a patient) can promote the evolution of the discipline and advancement of nursing knowledge. I’ll be honest, there were a couple of years during which I believed I wanted to be a physician. Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn and Jacobs1978). Because that implies, to a certain extent, that everything is relative, how can we justly say that one interviewee is a better candidate than another? As nursing evolved and strides were made to develop unique nursing theory, the use of borrowed theory helped to form the underpinnings for the new theory.In addition,the contribution of the social and behavioral sciences is recognized as key to the building and creation of the first conceptual models and grand nursing theory (McEwen and Willis, 2018). GPA is often cited as one of the most stable and consistent predictors of admission and academic/clinical success. philosophy inform admissions criteria for applications to nursing school. A systematic review of intuition – A way of knowing in clinical nursing? Constructivists would argue that we co-create our realities. Fawcett, J. Various authors offered several definitions of phenomenology including the following: ‘focuses on the lived experiences of humans and is This outlook includes paradigms and theories, which reflect a nurse’s values, and exert significant influence over nursing practice. What is social constructivism? Proctor (1998) considers that consistency between the aim of a research study, the research questions, the chosen me… Nursing’s ontological nature is not comfortable resting in either extreme holism or reductionism. Turan, N., Kaya, H., Ozsaban, A., & Aydin, G. O. Even the act of assessing someone’s ‘caring’ or ‘compassion’ is prone to reductionism by the very nature by which ratings are assigned. Carper, B. The phenomological paradigm is reflected upon in the questioning of perception, philo … Order Description Question Use the readings to evaluate the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of ethical decision-making and compare and contrast two differing essential features or core principles of medical and behavioral ethical codes. Nursing is a complex discipline that requires nurses to apply various forms of knowledge to guide their practice.

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