salem witch trials quizlet

Chapter 145 of the resolves of 1957, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Some historians believe that the accusation by Ann Putnam, Jr. suggests that a family feud may have been a major cause of the witch trials. What was the Salem Witch Trials? Learn how your comment data is processed. The Salem Witch Trials . 1 The Examination of Bridget Bishop, April 19, 1692. The judges applied an archaic form of punishment called peine forte et dure, in which stones were piled on his chest until he could no longer breathe. (chapt. In mid February 2013, the Cecil hotel of Los Angeles received complaints of a peculiar dark tinge to the hotels drinking water. In January 1693, the new Superior Court of Judicature, Court of Assize and General Gaol [Jail] Delivery convened in Salem, Essex County, again headed by William Stoughton, as Chief Justice, with Anthony Checkley continuing as the Attorney General, and Jonathan Elatson as Clerk of the Court. VII) More people were accused, arrested and examined, but now in Salem Town, by former local magistrates John Hathorne, Jonathan Corwin, and Bartholomew Gedney, who had become judges of the Court of Oyer and Terminer. Roles of Women During Early-Modern Europe Women had responsibilities surrounding tasks that dealt with the survival of the community, such as preparing food, being a midwife or lying in maid, and tending animals. The others were listed only as "certain other persons", phrasing which failed specifically to name Bridget Bishop, Susannah Martin, Alice Parker, Wilmot Redd and Margaret Scott. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. [84] A variety of secondary sources, starting with Charles W. Upham in the 19th century, typically relate that a circle of the girls, with Tituba's help, tried their hands at fortune telling. The first five cases tried in January 1693 were of the five people who had been indicted but not tried in September: Sarah Buckley, Margaret Jacobs, Rebecca Jacobs, Mary Whittredge (or Witheridge) and Job Tookey. "The Salem Witchcraft Trials: A Legal History". The events in 1692/1693 in Salem became a brief outburst of a sort of hysteria in the New World, while the practice was already waning in most of Europe. The Salem witch trials of 1692 took place in Salem Village, located in present-day Danvers, Massachusetts. On October 29, Judge Sewall wrote, "the Court of Oyer and Terminer count themselves thereby dismissed ... asked whether the Court of Oyer and Terminer should sit, expressing some fear of Inconvenience by its fall, [the] Governour said it must fall". [87] Other slightly later descriptions of her, by Gov. Learn and study online for free. At the time of the witch trials, the city was just a developing town. Explore the topic from a Social Studies perspective. [36], Mather illustrates how the Goodwins' eldest child had been tempted by the devil and had stolen linen from the washerwoman Goody Glover. Your email address will not be published. [98] Writing anonymously to conceal his dissent, he published a short tract entitled "Some Miscellany Observations On our present Debates respecting Witchcrafts, in a Dialogue Between S. & B." The General Court initially reversed the attainder only for those who had filed petitions,[108] only three people who had been convicted but not executed: Abigail Faulkner Sr., Elizabeth Proctor and Sarah Wardwell. Keep Reading. "Examination and Evidence of Some Accused Witches in Salem, 1692. "[13], The trials were started after people had been accused of witchcraft, primarily by teenage girls such as Elizabeth Hubbard, 17, as well as some who were younger. Expressing regret over the actions taken, Hale admitted, "Such was the darkness of that day, the tortures and lamentations of the afflicted, and the power of former presidents, that we walked in the clouds, and could not see our way. The record books of the time do not note the deaths of any of those executed. The colonial leadership were prominent members of their congregations and regularly consulted with the local ministers on issues facing the colony. [106], From 1693–97, Robert Calef, a "weaver" and a cloth merchant in Boston, collected correspondence, court records and petitions, and other accounts of the trials, and placed them, for contrast, alongside portions of Cotton Mather's Wonders of the Invisible World, under the title More Wonders of the Invisible World,[55], Calef could not get it published in Boston and he had to take it to London, where it was published in 1700. Abigail Faulkner, Sr. was pregnant and given a temporary reprieve (some reports from that era say that Abigail's reprieve later became a stay of charges). [105] Thomas Fiske and eleven other trial jurors also asked forgiveness. The Salem witch trials testify to the importance of due process in protecting individuals against false accusations. Salem is in the state of Massachusetts. Increase Mather brought out a London edition of his son's book in 1690. [In the margin], VÊ, VÊ, VÊ, Witchcraft. [79] (The court later ruled that spectral evidence was inadmissible, which caused a dramatic reduction in the rate of convictions and may have hastened the end of the trials.) In it, two characters, S (Salem) and B (Boston), discuss the way the proceedings were being conducted, with "B" urging caution about the use of testimony from the afflicted and the confessors, stating, "whatever comes from them is to be suspected; and it is dangerous using or crediting them too far". All were found not guilty but were not released until they paid their jail fees. devil. Initially conceived as a promotion of the trials and a triumphant celebration of Mather's leadership, Mather had to rewrite the text and disclaim personal involvement as suspicion about spectral evidence started to build. Parris, Mary Sibley (aunt of Mary Walcott), directed John Indian, a man enslaved by Parris, to make a witch cake. 136, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA. “As he could not be declared guilty of witchcraft, he was excommunicated as a suicide,” Stacy Schiff writes in “The Witches: Salem, 1692,” her haunting new book on the Salem witch trials. [117], Not all the condemned had been exonerated in the early 18th century. John Alden (son of John Alden and Priscilla Mullins), William Proctor (son of John and Elizabeth Proctor), John Flood, Mary Toothaker (wife of Roger Toothaker and sister of Martha Carrier) and her daughter Margaret Toothaker, and Arthur Abbott. Tituba’s story is as convoluted—and potentially fictitious—as any other part of the Salem witch trials. Now known as the Salem witch trials, this phenomenon would go on to become the largest witch hunt in American history. An excerpt from records of the Salem witch trials, copied in 1864 from original documents, on the examination of Mary Warren. In 1957, an act passed by the Massachusetts legislature absolved six people,[5] while another one, passed in 2001, absolved five other victims. The city owns the property and dedicated the Proctor's Ledge Memorial to the victims there in 2017. The first indication that public calls for justice were not over occurred in 1695 when Thomas Maule, a noted Quaker, publicly criticized the handling of the trials by the Puritan leaders in Chapter 29 of his book Truth Held Forth and Maintained, expanding on Increase Mather by stating, "it were better that one hundred Witches should live, than that one person be put to death for a witch, which is not a Witch". She was accused of attracting girls like Abigail Williams and Betty Parris with stories of enchantment from Malleus Maleficarum. Bridget Bishop, Hanged, June 10, 1692. It was the era of NSY, It has been over 20 years since Chigaco began to rewrite a chapter of its own story, a story tucked away in the shadows of its famous skyline closing an era shrouded in an ambiguous past, as past tha. The filmmakers set out to reveal j, The '90s was a great time to be in the music industry, things were booming and as a result, there were expensive parties and big album launches, it was just part of the culture. 62, No. Rhetoric is only as potent as its source material; this is why any allusion to the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 is so effective. When she was examined before her trial, Bishop was asked about her coat, which had been awkwardly "cut or torn in two ways".[52]. [10], The story of the witchcraft accusations, trials and executions has captured the imagination of writers and artists in the centuries since the event took place. [116], Rebecca Nurse's descendants erected an obelisk-shaped granite memorial in her memory in 1885 on the grounds of the Nurse Homestead in Danvers, with an inscription from John Greenleaf Whittier. Boston, MA. [124], The cause of the symptoms of those who claimed affliction continues to be a subject of interest. [34] Women who did not conform to the norms of Puritan society were more likely to be the target of an accusation, especially those who were unmarried or did not have children. [23] One of the first orders of business for the new governor and council on May 27, 1692, was the formal nomination of county justices of the peace, sheriffs, and the commission of a Special Court of Oyer and Terminer to handle the large numbers of people who were "thronging" the jails. Martha Corey, who had expressed skepticism about the existence of witches and even the devil to neighbors, tried … They used the white of an egg and a mirror to create a primitive crystal ball to divine the professions of their future spouses and scared one another when one supposedly saw the shape of a coffin instead. The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. [8] In January 2016, the University of Virginia announced its Gallows Hill Project team had determined the execution site in Salem, where the 19 "witches" had been hanged. Salem Witch Trials DRAFT. On June 3, the grand jury endorsed indictments against Rebecca Nurse and John Willard, but they did not go to trial immediately, for reasons which are unclear. Faulkner admitted she was "angry at what folk said," and the Devil may have temporarily overtaken her, causing harm to her neighbors. After two days of peine fort et dure, Corey died without entering a plea. Until this point, all the proceedings were investigative, but on May 27, 1692, William Phips ordered the establishment of a Special Court of Oyer and Terminer for Suffolk, Essex and Middlesex counties to prosecute the cases of those in jail. They intended to build a society based on their religious beliefs. 618–619. [123], Most recently, the events of the Salem witch trials were interpreted in the 2018 exploitation-teen comedy film Assassination Nation, which changed the setting to the present United States and added thick social commentary in order to underline the absurdity of the actual events. Acts and Resolves, Public and Private, of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, vol. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. People described how it had a funny taste and a strange odour. Three hundred years later, we still call false accusations against a large number of people a "witch hunt." Their earliest impactful use as the basis for an item of popular fiction is the 1828 novel Rachel Dyer by John Neal. a. Giles Corey Before the Salem Witch Trials . Those tried and found guilty were considered dead in the eyes of the law, and with convictions still on the books, those not executed were vulnerable to further accusations. "[86], Tituba's race has often been described in later accounts as of Carib-Indian or African descent, but contemporary sources describe her only as an "Indian". In May 1709, twenty-two people who had been convicted of witchcraft, or whose relatives had been convicted of witchcraft, presented the government with a petition in which they demanded both a reversal of attainder and compensation for financial losses.[111]. This indiscriminate targetin... For the last 25 years, Louis Theroux has been making documentaries about life in all its strangness, mystery, and angst. Humanity is going through the largest health crises in more than a century as the coronavirus (Covid-19) has killed nearly 2 million people globally, brought turmoil to the world economy, and caused, In 1985 Los Angeles would be terrorized by a series of brutal sexual assaults and murders. [44], Each of these women was a kind of outcast and exhibited many of the character traits typical of the "usual suspects" for witchcraft accusations; they were left to defend themselves. As a result, the church was very influential on the people. This text had a tortured path to publication. The Salem Witch Trials: Rebecca Nurse Kristine Casey April 24, 2014 HIST 203-A Throughout the summer and early fall of 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts, nineteen men and women were convicted of witchcraft and hanged (Linder, 2005). Most of those deemed witches were women, but there were some men and youngsters convicted. The resulting publication, entitled A Brief and True Narrative of Some Remarkable Passages Relating to Sundry Persons Afflicted by Witchcraft, at Salem Village: Which happened from the Nineteenth of March, to the Fifth of April 1692, was published while the trials were ongoing and relates evidence meant to convict the accused. Increase Mather had been working on obtaining the charter for four years, with William Phips often joining him in London and helping him gain entry to Whitehall. While it’s assumed there were numerous people executed, there were only 20 killed. In late January/early February, the Court sat again in Charlestown, Middlesex County, and held grand juries and tried five people: Sarah Cole (of Lynn), Lydia Dustin and Sarah Dustin, Mary Taylor and Mary Toothaker. As several of those accused later recounted, we were blindfolded, and our hands were laid upon the afflicted persons, they being in their fits and falling into their fits at our coming into their presence, as they said. Twitched little liars. [15], The earliest recorded witchcraft execution was that of Alse Young in 1647 in Hartford, Connecticut. Salem Witch Trials Salem Evidence C: Chart of Family Farm s Average Size of Family Farms in Salem Village, 1640 -1700 Salem Evidence D: Map of Salem Village The map below depicts Salem Village (on the left/west) and Salem Town (on the right/east). Betty Parris, a nine-year-old girl with poor health, lived with her father Rev. 121, p. 108. This is episode two of a three part 2006 documentary series about the Nuremburg Trials. "Essay IV Against modern Sadducism in the matter of Witches and Apparitions" in Essay on several important subjects in philosophy and religion, 2nd Ed, London; printed for John Baker and H. Mortlock, 1676, pp. [96], Samuel Willard, minister of the Third Church in Boston[97] was a onetime strong supporter of the trials and of spectral evidence but became increasingly concerned as the Mathers crushed dissent. On September 22, 1692, eight more persons were executed, "After Execution Mr. Noyes turning him to the Bodies, said, what a sad thing it is to see Eight Firebrands of Hell hanging there. The trials began during the spring of 1692, and the last of them ended in 1693. [66] Once indicted, the defendant went to trial, sometimes on the same day, as in the case of the first person indicted and tried on June 2, Bridget Bishop, who was executed eight days later, on June 10, 1692. Rev. The Salem witch trials are quite unique, in that they were so intense and yet came towards the end of the witch hunting era. He explains the unique economic, social and political conditions that by the 19th c... Why The Industrial Revolution Happened Here. Too many play on the glorious drama of belief that witches were real, evil, powerful, devil worshipping barbarians, or state things in a way that subtly suggests the presenters share Christian ideals or at least the social impressions of them. Williams was responsible for standing as key witness to many of the first accused witches. 3 years ago. In the background a witch rides on a broomstick, brandishing a snake in her hand; to the left, spectral images fly out of the boiling cauldron; and a cat leaps into the scene from the right. After Phips' order, there were no more executions. The publication A Tryal of Witches, related to the 1662 Bury St Edmunds witch trial, was used by the magistrates at Salem when looking for a precedent in allowing spectral evidence. b. [39], The girls complained of being pinched and pricked with pins. 4. Twenty-five people, including Scholars of the trials—Hutchinson, Upham, Burr, and even Poole—have relied on Calef's compilation of documents. [32] Overall, the Puritan belief and prevailing New England culture was that women were inherently sinful and more susceptible to damnation than men were. More than two hundred people were accused. The grand juries and trials for this capital crime were conducted by a Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 and by a Superior Court of Judicature in 1693, both held in Salem Town, where the hangings also took place. [citation needed], On September 20, Cotton Mather wrote to Stephen Sewall: "That I may be the more capable to assist in lifting up a standard against the infernal enemy", requesting "a narrative of the evidence given in at the trials of half a dozen, or if you please, a dozen, of the principal witches that have been condemned." The Salem Witch Trials were a series of accusations, trials, and executions based on the supposed outbreak of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts. [119] Danvers erected its own new memorial,[120] and reinterred bones unearthed in the 1950s, assumed to be those of George Jacobs, Sr., in a new resting place at the Rebecca Nurse Homestead. [95] Judging from the apologetic tone of Cases of Conscience that the moral panic had subsided, Thomas Brattle directly ridiculed the "superstitions" of Salem and Increase's defense of his son in an open letter notable for its openly sarcastic tone. On August 19, 1692, Martha Carrier, George Jacobs Sr., George Burroughs, John Willard, and John Proctor were executed. [117], In 1992, The Danvers Tercentennial Committee also persuaded the Massachusetts House of Representatives to issue a resolution honoring those who had died. Bridget Bishop's case was the first brought to the grand jury, who endorsed all the indictments against her. However, because those who confessed were reintegrated into society, some women might have confessed in order to spare their own lives. Salem Witch Trials … Mr. Noyes prayíd at the beginning, and Mr. Higginson concluded. As soon as the bodies of the accused were cut down from the trees, they were thrown into a shallow grave, and the crowd dispersed. The first complaints were February 29 and the first arrests were March 1. The Salem Witch Trials were a series of accusations, trials, and executions based on the supposed outbreak of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts. (1977). An act was passed pronouncing the innocence of those accused, although it listed only Ann Pudeator by name. Tituba’s story is as convoluted—and potentially fictitious—as any other part of the Salem witch trials. [69] His refusal to plead is usually explained as a way of preventing his estate from being confiscated by the Crown, but, according to historian Chadwick Hansen, much of Corey's property had already been seized, and he had made a will in prison: "His death was a protest ... against the methods of the court". Related Museums/Attractions Nor can we esteem alterations made in the sufferers, by a look or touch of the accused, to be an infallible evidence of guilt, but frequently liable to be abused by the Devil's legerdemains. These tales about sexual encounters with demons, swaying the minds of men, and fortune-telling were said to stimulate the imaginations of girls and made Tituba an obvious target of accusations. From June 30 through early July, grand juries endorsed indictments against Sarah Good, Elizabeth Howe, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor, Martha Carrier, Sarah Wildes and Dorcas Hoar. Its failure led to restoration of the old order under Charles II. The city dedicated the Proctor's Ledge Memorial to the victims there in 2017.[9][10]. "Examination and Evidence of Some the Accused Witches i Salem, 1692. [33] Throughout their daily lives, Puritans, especially Puritan women, actively attempted to thwart attempts by the Devil to overtake them and their souls. History, Specialty, Other. Dorothy Good, the daughter of Sarah Good, was only four years old but was not exempted from questioning by the magistrates; her answers were construed as a confession that implicated her mother. Salem Witch Trials DRAFT. a) True : b) False : 13. Three Salem Women: The Stories of Alice Parker, Ann Pudeator and Bridget Bishop. The parish disagreed about Salem Village's choice of Samuel Parris as its first ordained minister. The Examination of Sarah Good, March 1, 1692. Hysteria and fear was brought through this town, and swept it away in a matter of months. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. Being able to understand what you fear removes much of the fear factor from the thing itself - humans are not scared of the flu, but we are scared of sharks. 9, 1718–1718, Chap. The most infamous application of the belief in effluvia was the touch test used in Andover during preliminary examinations in September 1692. [101][121], In January 2016, the University of Virginia announced its project team had determined the execution site on Gallows Hill in Salem, where nineteen "witches" had been hanged in public. The Salem witch trials testify to the importance of due process in protecting individuals against false accusations. Edit. The trials began during the spring of 1692, and the last of them ended in 1693. In 1992, the Salem Witch Trials Memorial was built in Salem, Mass and a marker was established for Bridget Bishop.. With Kirstie Alley, Henry Czerny, Gloria Reuben, Jay O. Sanders. She claimed that she had not acted out of malice, but had been deluded by Satan into denouncing innocent people, mentioning Rebecca Nurse, in particular,[113] and was accepted for full membership. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. [37] Glover, of Irish Catholic descent, was characterized as a disagreeable old woman and described by her husband as a witch; this may have been why she was accused of casting spells on the Goodwin children. [93] Regardless, it was published in both Boston and London, with an introductory letter of endorsement by William Stoughton, the Chief Magistrate. These trials were based on accusations of witch-craft, a crime punishable by death. 2, no. In Ipswich, Rachel Clinton was arrested for witchcraft at the end of March on independent charges unrelated to the afflictions of the girls in Salem Village. Highlight your answer choice. We know not whether some remarkable affronts given to the Devils by our disbelieving those testimonies whose whole force and strength is from them alone, may not put a period unto the progress of the dreadful calamity begun upon us, in the accusations of so many persons, whereof some, we hope, are yet clear from the great transgression laid unto their charge. "[104] On that day, Samuel Sewall asked Rev. Massachusetts State Archives. The rest of the townsfolk fell victim to suggestibility, and thus the trials commenced, with accusations of witchcraft being targeted at the outcasts of society by those who were afflicted.

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